A CCTV (Closed-Circuit Television) camera is a surveillance device used to capture and transmit video footage to a specific location or set of monitors. Unlike regular television, CCTV cameras do not broadcast their signal openly to the public; instead, they transmit video through a closed circuit, typically to a limited number of monitors or recording devices.

Key features and components of a CCTV camera system include:

1. Camera: The camera is the primary component that captures video footage. There are various types of CCTV cameras available, including analog, digital, IP (Internet Protocol), and wireless cameras. These cameras can have different resolutions, lens types, and features to suit various surveillance needs.
2. DVR (Digital Video Recorder) or NVR (Network Video Recorder): These devices are used to record and store the video footage from CCTV cameras. DVRs are typically used with analog cameras, while NVRs are used with IP cameras. They offer various storage options and allow users to review and playback recorded footage.
3. Monitor: Monitors display live or recorded video feeds from CCTV cameras. Operators can view multiple camera feeds simultaneously on a single monitor or use multiple monitors for larger surveillance setups.
4. Cables and Wiring: CCTV systems require cables and wiring to transmit power and video signals between cameras, recorders, and monitors. Some modern systems also use wireless technology for connectivity.
5. Power Supply: CCTV cameras require a power source to operate. This can be provided through electrical wiring or, in the case of wireless cameras, through batteries or other power sources.
6. Housing and Mounting: CCTV cameras are often installed in protective housings or enclosures to shield them from the elements and vandalism. Mounting brackets and hardware are used to secure cameras in the desired locations.
7. Control Devices: Control devices such as keyboards, joysticks, or software interfaces allow operators to control the pan, tilt, zoom, and other functions of certain types of CCTV cameras, particularly those with PTZ (Pan-Tilt-Zoom) capabilities.

CCTV cameras are widely used for security and surveillance purposes in various settings, including homes, businesses, public places, and government facilities. They help deter criminal activity, provide evidence in case of incidents, and enhance overall security by monitoring and recording activities in real-time. Additionally, advancements in technology have led to the integration of features like motion detection, facial recognition, and remote viewing through smartphones and computers, making CCTV systems more versatile and effective.